Sciatica is a condition characterised by pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which extends from the lower back down through the hips, buttocks, and legs. It typically affects one side of the body and is often caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve.

The primary symptom of sciatica is pain that starts in the lower back and radiates down the buttocks and legs. The pain can vary in intensity and may feel sharp, burning, or electric shock-like. Other common symptoms include numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and difficulty in moving the affected leg or foot.

Sciatica commonly occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed or irritated. The most frequent causes include:

Herniated Disc: When the soft gel-like material within a spinal disc protrudes and presses on the nerve root that forms the sciatic nerve.

Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal, which can compress the nerve roots.

Piriformis Syndrome: The piriformis muscle, located deep in the buttock, irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve.

Spinal Degeneration: Wear and tear of the spine over time can lead to conditions like osteoarthritis, bone spurs, or spondylolisthesis, which may impinge on the sciatic nerve.

Trauma or Injury: Accidents or injuries that directly affect the spine or buttocks can cause sciatica.